Force Software Update Deployment Evaluation Cycle, command line

On Configuration Manager you can modify these settings under:
Administration -> Overview -> Site Configuration -> Client Settings ->
Default Client Settings -> Software Updates -> Software update scan schedule:

You can force to receive updates on client side by selecting "Software Update Deployment Evaluation Cycle" and click "Run Now":

For command line execution launch:

WMIC /namespace:\\root\ccm path sms_client CALL TriggerSchedule "{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000113}" /NOINTERACTIVE

The output of this command will be similar to this:

C:\WINDOWS\system32>WMIC /namespace:\\root\ccm path sms_client CALL TriggerSchedule "{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000113}" /NOINTERACTIVE
Executing (sms_client)->TriggerSchedule()
Method execution successful.
Out Parameters:[abstract]
class __PARAMETERS
{
        [out] uint32 ReturnValue;
};

C:\WINDOWS\system32>

If you run this command with not enough privileges you will receive Access denied error:

C:\Users>WMIC /namespace:\\root\ccm path sms_client CALL TriggerSchedule "{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000113}" /NOINTERACTIVE
Executing (sms_client)->TriggerSchedule()
ERROR:
Description = Access denied

C:\Users>

Make sure you run the command in "Run as administrator" mode.

After the commanand has been succesfuly launched you can see instant log changes on:

C:\Windows\CCM\Logs\UpdatesStore.log

For remote usage save using:

psexec /accepteula \\%1 WMIC /namespace:\\root\ccm path sms_client CALL TriggerSchedule "{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000113}" /NOINTERACTIVE

Replace %1 with remote computer name.

It is highly recommended to update policy before you launch any update:

WMIC /namespace:\\root\ccm path sms_client CALL TriggerSchedule "{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000021}" /NOINTERACTIVE
WMIC /namespace:\\root\ccm path sms_client CALL TriggerSchedule "{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000022}" /NOINTERACTIVE